2022 IB Diploma Extended Essays

As showcased in figure 13, the three nations all have similar changes of the unemployment rate over the 15 years, however as depicted, South Africa has the higher unemployment rate followed by Botswana and Australia. Out of the three nations, Australia has the lowest HIV prevalence and unemployment rate, which furthers supports the notion that the level of HIV positively correlates to the level of unemployment. Australia has a consistent HIV prevalence from 2005 to 2020, while also having a relatively consistent unemployment rate during the same period. Figure 14. Number of People Living with HIV per 1000 compared to Sexual Assault Reports per 100,000 in Botswana, South Africa, Australia 2005 - 2020

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NUMBER OF SEXUAL ASSAULT REPORTS PER 100,000

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80

150

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100

40

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0

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NUMBER OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV PER 1000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

YEAR

Botswana SA Botswana HIV

South Africa SA

Australia SA

South Africa HIV Australia HIV

Similarly to figure 13, out of the three nations, the level of sexual assault reports in Australia is the lowest and has been at a consistent level over the 15 years. This correlates to Australia’s consistently low HIV prevalence as lower sexual assault rates indicates lower risk of HIV infections as shown above. Additionally, Botswana showcases a slight decrease in the level of sexual assault reports whilst South Africa

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