2020 IB Extended Essays

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The Geometric Period (900-700BCE), focused on the geometric repetition of shapes where

human and animal forms were not as common, displaying similar geometric

representation. Common mediums during this time period were vase-paintings and

occasional limited works of bronze casts and sculptures. The overlap of

the aftermath of the Dark Ages and the Geometric Period was

identified by the new wave of influence, following the end of

Mycenaean and Minoan impact, distinguishing it from earlier styles of

art.

The Archaic Period (700-480BCE), embodied new tools and methods

Figure 1: ‘Kleobis and Biton (The ‘Twins’ of Argos)’ by Polymedes of Argos, 580BCE – Delphi Archaeological Museum.

towards building more realistic human forms. Key developments

were present in areas of pottery, with the implementation of more colourful and ornate

designs, along with adding coloured glaze to ceramic art pieces. The iconic basic archaic

limestone sculptures of Kouros (male) and Kore (female) were created at this time. A key

piece created during the Archaic Period is the sculpture of Kleobis and Biton by Polymedes

(Figure 1). This period is commonly categorised into Early, Middle and Late within the

Archaic Period, with major progression and development along the phases.

The Classical Period (480-323BCE), was directed towards the further

development and experimentation of realistic body posture and

proportions when depicting humans. Following the defeat of the

Persians (479BCE), Athens dominated Greece politically,

economically and culturally. The city had become a wealthy

imperial power, with funds and a strong fleet, secured by members

Figure 2: ‘Aphrodite of Knidos’ by Menophantos (inspired by Praxiteles of Athens), 1 st century BCE – National Roman Museum-Palazzo

of the Delian league and the movement of the treasury from